Conquering Japanese Verb Myths - Part 2 - Verbs in Costume

Best Teeth - Conquering Japanese Verb Myths - Part 2 - Verbs in Costume

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Quick question:

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Is tabemasu a verb?

If you said yes: congratulations - you're about to defeat your second myth of studying Japanese Verbs.

I bet, if you're whatever like me, you probably started out studying all kinds of Japanese 'verbs' like the above tabemasu.

One of the first sentances I learned in Japanese was:

Nani o tabemasu ka?

What are you eating?

At the time, I figured (logically) that tabemasu was the verb in the sentence. Worse, to an extent, it is the verb of that sentence. It does all things a verb should. It creates activity in the sentence. It shows 'what' person or something is doing.
So why does believing that tabemasu is a verb make your life difficult?

Imagine you are an alien who lands on Earth and beams into a Halloween Party to ask for directions. The person who opens the door is wearing a black cloak, bone white face makeup, platform shoes, red touch lenses and Dracula teeth. Behind him/her is a host of other habitancy dressed like the living dead. You'll form some pretty quick (and perhaps gruesome) impressions of the habitancy on this planet.

Why shouldn't you?

How are you supposed to know (without turning on your super space-aged scanning equipment) that the natives are in costume?
It's the same with Tabemasu. Tabemasu is a verb in costume.
And as with people, it is a bad idea to form your real impression of a verb based on it's costume.

The first step to verily knowing your verb is to take off the costume it is wearing.

Tabemasu is wearing a very tasteless costume generally called the masu form.

This costume is very easy to put on, and relatively easy to take once you know how it is put on.

So let's get dressed:

First, start with the real/naked verb. The best way to find naked verbs is to look them up in the dictionary. The naked verb is just the dictionary form of the verb. It is also called the plain form, or the infinitive.

The naked form of Tabemasu is:

Taberu - to eat.

This is an ichidan verb. You can verily recognize ichidan verbs because they all the time end in iru or eru. If your naked verb ends in whether iru or eru, 98% of the time it is an ichidan verb.

Other fun ichiban verbs include:

Iru - to exist (animate objects)

Dekiru - to be able to do

Uragiru - to betray

Eru - to gain/get

Tsutomeru - to work for

The other type of verbs are called godan verbs. If you see a plain verb and it doesn't end in eru or iru, it is a godan verb (with the exception of Kuru (to come) and Suru (to do), the only two verily irregular godan verbs)

Godan verbs come in nine flavors:

Ru - eg: Odoru - to dance (note - this ends with oru Not eru or iru, hence a godan verb)

Su - eg: Hanasu - to speak

Ku - eg: Iku - to go

Gu - eg: Oyogu - to swim

Mu - eg: Yasumu - to take a break/vacation

Bu - eg: Yobu - to call (out to someone)

Nu - shinu - to die (often Romanized Sinu)

Vowel + U - Eg: Warau - to laugh

Occasionally, a godan verb will look exactly like an ichidan verb. The three most tasteless examples of these are:

Hashiru - to run

Kaeru - only when it means to return home/to your place of origin

Hairu - to enter

Highly Irregular: (You have to memorize these)

Suru (to do) and Kuru (to come)

When studying verbs, is vitally leading to learn the naked/plain form of the verb and form all of your conjugations from there. The plain form is the center of your wheel of conjugation. The masu form of the verb is one of many, many spokes that come from this plain form of the verb. It is one of many costumes.

Here is how you dress your naked verb up in the masu form:

For Ichidan verbs:

1. Take your base verb.

2. Drop the Ru.

3. Add masu.

That's it!

Eg:

1. Taberu

2. Tabe

3. Tabemasu

For Godan Verbs:

1. Take the last U of your verb

2. Turn it into an I

3. Add masu

That's it!

Eg:

1. Hanasu

2. Hanashi (remember, there's no Si in the Japanese Alphabet, so Si is pronounced Shi)

3. Hanashimasu

How about this one:

1. Warau

2. Warai

3. Waraimasu

Easy isn't it?

Lastly, the two Irregulars: (there is no rhyme or hypothesize to these, just be glad there's verily only two of them)

1. Suru (to do) = Shimasu (this looks exactly like what would if you just put Su ending of a Godan verb into this masu form. Scroll up and take a look. That is the best way to remember how Suru conjugates in this form)

2. Kuru (to come) = Kimasu (Other than the fact it sounds like Shimasu - a itsybitsy - you just have to memorize this)

What's even better is that you can attach more than just masu to the step two of this conjugation.

For example, what if you want to say, I start to speak:

1. Start with Hanasu (to speak)

2. Take it to Step 2 of the Masu shift = hanashi

3. Add hajimeru = hanashihajimeru

Congratulations - you've just made your first combination verb.

If you want to continue doing something, try tsuzukeru.

I continue to speak = hanashitsuzukeru.

You can concentrate tons of verbs using the base just before where you normally put the masu.

That's because, in reality, the customary masu form is just one of many endings you can attach to the Step 2 base conjugation of your naked verb.

So, make sure to get your verbs naked before you have fun dressing them up.

Part 3: How to Conjugate

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